Guru Rinpoche

Miracle at Lotus Lake and the Secret Caves of Rewalsar

October 21, 2013

Now that I’m back in Dharamsala, with eyes fresh from seeing 10th-12th century Indo-Tibetan mandalas in monasteries of Spiti, Lahaul, and Ladakh, I made local trips through these lower Himalayas to see contemporary Tibetan monasteries.

Rewalsar, also known as Tso Pema to Tibetans, Himachal Pradesh, India
Rewalsar, also known as Tso Pema (Lotus Lake) to Tibetans, Himachal Pradesh, India. The monumental golden statue of Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche) atop Zigar Orgyen Choekorling Monastery can be seen upper right on the hillside
Photo: bharatdiscovery.org

First stop was Rewalsar, or Tso Pema (Lotus Lake) as Tibetans call it. It is the site of a legendary miracle by Padmasambhava. Also known as Guru Rinpoche, this Indian sage brought Buddhism to Tibet in the 8th century, and is said to have subdued the people and the local blood-thirsty spirits through demonstrations of his magical powers as an adept practitioner.  Padmasambhava is especially revered by the Tibetan Buddhist Nyingma school who regard him as the Second Buddha, the First Buddha being Shakyamuni.

The legend of the lake is that Guru Rinpoche was teaching Princess Mandarava tantra in local secret caves, and she became his consort.  Her father the King of Zahor was greatly displeased and attempted to burn them both in the valley below.  But Guru Rinpoche turned the pyre into water, and the fire became a lake.  Thus, Lotus Lake miraculously came into being and is revered by Tibetan Buddhists.

View of Tso Pema/Lotus Lake near the famed Guru Rinpoche secret caves, Rewalsar
View of Tso Pema/Lotus Lake near the famed Guru Rinpoche secret caves up the hills, Rewalsar

Incidentally, it is also revered by Hindus, who regard the area as Hanuman’s land. Punjabis, as well, because Padmasambhava is one of their ten holy teachers.

After driving up to the hills above Tso Pema, one must go on foot up to the caves. Most of the way is fairly well paved and with stairs.

Pathway up to secret caves of Guru Rinpoche, Rewalsar, India
Pathway up to secret caves of Guru Rinpoche, Rewalsar

It is a pleasant scramble through some rocky but grassy areas, hung with plenty of Tibetan prayer flags.

Tibetan prayer flags on the hillside of Rewalsar caves
Tibetan prayer flags on the continued pathway up to Rewalsar caves

At the top, there is a nunnery with small temples, a cafe for visitors, and dotting the hillside are numerous modest stone huts and cave entrances currently in use by nuns and other retreatants.

Retreat huts and caves used today by nuns and retreatants, Rewalsar, India
Retreat huts and caves used today by nuns and retreatants, Rewalsar, India
Entrances to meditation caves currently in use, Rewalsar
Entrances to meditation caves currently in use, Rewalsar. I like how this is one is called “Cave No. 4,” very practical.
Retreat hut, Rewalsar, India
Retreat hut, Rewalsar, India

The landscape is punctuated by crags and boulders.

More abundant Tibetan prayer flags on the hillside of Rewalsar caves, India
More abundant Tibetan prayer flags on the hillside of Rewalsar caves

When we finally came upon the secret cave of Guru Rinpoche, the entrance was this steep decline down, which today has cement steps, a doorway, and lighting. I tried to imagine it as the dark natural crack it must have been originally, getting darker as you descended into the cave.

Entrance to Guru Rinpoche's meditation caves, Rewalsar, India
Entrance to Guru Rinpoche’s meditation caves, Rewalsar, India

The stairway leads to a small antechamber which then leads to this section of the cave underground.

Guru Rinpoche meditation cave, Rewalsar, India
Guru Rinpoche meditation cave, Rewalsar

I tried to imagine this cave in Guru Rinpoche’s day, without the flooring, ritual objects and electricity. It must have been a mysterious womb-like place to practice meditation, to contemplate existence in pitch blackness, to truly face nothingness in the subterranean absence of stimuli.

Panorama of Guru Rinpoche meditation cave, Rewalsar, India
Panorama of Guru Rinpoche meditation cave, Rewalsar
Altar inside Guru Rinpoche meditation cave, Rewalsar, India
Altar inside Guru Rinpoche meditation cave, Rewalsar

In another cave is this large statue of Guru Rinpoche, built into a nook where above his head is a natural opening revealing daylight.

Statue of Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava), Rewalsar caves, India
Statue of Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava), Rewalsar caves
Statue of Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava), Rewalsar caves, India
A monk says prayers before a statue of Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava), Rewalsar caves

Just beyond this section is a smaller connected cave dedicated to his consort, Princess Mandarava.

Statue of Princess Mandarava, Rewalsar cave
Statue of Princess Mandarava in cave dedicated to Guru Rinpoche’s consort, Rewalsar cave
Cave of Princess Mandarava, looking back out towards larger section containing statue of Guru Rinpoche, Rewalsar cave
Cave of Princess Mandarava, looking back out towards larger section containing statue of Guru Rinpoche, Rewalsar cave

It is said that pilgrimage to sacred sites where realized masters practiced meditation, such as these caves, imparts blessings to its visitors.

Rewalsar is also considered an auspicious place to be on retreat. The two Chod practitioners (chodpas) I met in Dharmasala (whom I wrote a bit about here) are currently on a few months’ retreat here.

They invited me to visit with them in their cabin near the caves. So I had planned to be in town when they were on a brief break from their hermitage. I learned that there are two short times of the month, according to the Tibetan lunar calendar, that retreatants may come out of isolation to tend to things outside.

These chodpas are lay tantric practitioners not only working towards enlightenment through Chod rituals (serious esoteric stuff, as one Zen practitioner friend of mine commented, “These guys are hardcore!”) but they are also shamanic healers. As traveling mendicants, they may be invited by community members to conduct prayers for the deceased, the living, and those believed to be wandering spirits.

Panorama of Rewalsar area from chodpa retreat cabin
Panorama of Rewalsar area from chodpa retreat cabin, with Tso Pema (Lotus Lake) visible in distance
Interior of chodpa's retreat hut, Rewalsar
Interior of chodpa’s retreat hut, Rewalsar
Chod ritual objects made out of flour and water
Chod ritual objects made out of flour and water

Pictured above is the one-room cabin of a chodpa. On the long table against the back wall are ritual offerings made from colored flour and water.

During my visit, it so happened that the chodpas recently conducted healing prayers for a child I was acquainted with who suffered from a neurological brain disorder. They showed me some of the ritual objects created and used for this purpose.

I heard separately later that this child, who was located hours away from Rewalsar, demonstrated some unusual and extended calm behavior the day after the Chod treatment. Coincidence? Maybe. Go figure. Nothing in modern science can currently explain such phenomena as Chod healing.

Chod ritual objects made out of flour and water
Chod ritual objects made out of flour and water

Over a thousand years later, with the thriving nunnery, occupied caves, retreat huts and monasteries of Rewalsar, it certainly seems to me that Guru Rinpoche’s legacy is alive and well here.

My next post is about Rewalsar’s Zigar Monastery in which I first encounter contemporary sacred arts a lot like their Indo-Tibetan predecessors of 11th century Spiti and Ladakh. What’s more, I then met the master artist responsible and learned some insightful things about his art process! Stay tuned…

All photos © 2013, Eva Lee.

A Chosen Place: Tayul Monastery

September 14th     Lahaul adventure continues…

Tayul Monastery, Lahaul, India
Tayul Monastery, Lahaul, India

Today was Shashur and Tayul Monasteries. Both are not far from Keylong, just several kilometers away. Tayul Monastery was founded in the 17th century, but like Kardang Monastery, little appears to remain from its original period. The current main temple was renovated in the 19th century. Probably the oldest objects to be seen are the ancient stupas one encounters en route, on the hike up to the site.

Ancient stupas on walking trail en route to Tayul Monastery, opposite Drilbu Ri Mountain, Lahaul, India
Ancient stupas on walking trail en route to Tayul Monastery, opposite Drilbu Ri Mountain, Lahaul

It must be reached on foot because there is no motorable road off the main road. The hike up is beautiful, of course, for its vistas. I was glad driver D accompanied me up because the trail is not so clear in some places. Locals do always advise having a guide. I still get winded doing the slightest incline up but hopefully each day will get better as I continue to acclimate to high altitude.

View across Bhaga Valley amid pine trees on trail to Tayul Monastery, Lahaul, India
View across Bhaga Valley amid pine trees on trail to Tayul Monastery, Lahaul

Directly opposite is sacred Drilbu Ri mountain. You can always spot it by looking for those seven little peaks in a row that lead to a notched area where one treks up and over to reach the summit.

Drilbu Ri Mountain seen from across Bhaga Valley, easily identifiable by its seven peaks and the notch just to the right, where trail to its summit proceeds
Drilbu Ri Mountain seen from across Bhaga Valley, easily identifiable by its seven peaks and the notch just to the right, where trail to its summit proceeds
Statue possibly of founder and yogi Serzang Rinchen. Tayul Monastery,Lahaul
Statue possibly of founder and yogi Serzang Rinchen. Tayul Monastery,Lahaul

In fact, the story goes that Tayul, which means “chosen place,” was a location noticed by founder and Drukpa yogi Serzang Rinchen when he made his pilgrimage up Drilbu Ri. From across the Bhaga Valley, after a meritorious kora around the mountain, he saw the site and decided to build a hermitage there which became Tayul Monastery. Upon entering the main temple, one sees the 12 foot statue of Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche), revered as a great sage and living Buddha by Tibetans for introducing Buddhism to Tibet in the 8th century, displaying miraculous feats in taming local spirits in the process. Flanking him at the altar are statues of Dakini Singha Mukha, and the wrathful emanation of the guru.

Altar with Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche) in center, flanked by Dakini Singha Mukha and wrathful emanation of guru, Lahaul, India
Altar with Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche) in center, flanked by Dakini Singha Mukha and wrathful emanation of guru
Statue of Singha Mukha, Tayul Monastery, Lahaul
Statue of Singha Mukha, Tayul Monastery, Lahaul
Wrathful emanation of Guru Rinpoche, Tayul Monastery, Lahaul
Wrathful emanation of Guru Rinpoche, Tayul Monastery, Lahaul

The original wall paintings from the 19th century by Lama Tashi Temphel, who stayed there and helped expand the monastery, are no longer extant. In its place are new paintings. Unfortunately, I found these contemporary-styled depictions rather stiff in execution, and less refined than older wall paintings I have seen to date in previous monasteries. Lama Temphel also made sacred images at Guru Ghantal Monastery, which happily can still be seen there. It had been suggested to me that Lahaul is not so much a place to find ancient Indo-Tibetan artwork, nor exquisite old wall paintings or mandalas even, as it is a place to be experienced physically as a land of yogi training, legend, and pilgrimage. So far, so true. 

View of new wall paintings, Tayul Monastery, Lahaul
View of new wall paintings, Tayul Monastery, Lahaul
Detail of new wall paintings, Chakrasamvara in center with Guru Rinpoche above and surrounded by dakinis, Tayul Monastery, Lahaul
Detail of new wall paintings, Chakrasamvara in center with Guru Rinpoche above and surrounded by dakinis, Tayul Monastery, Lahaul
Detail of new wall paintings, featuring Drukpa lineage masters, Tayul Monastery, Lahaul
Detail of new wall paintings, featuring Drukpa lineage masters, Tayul Monastery, Lahaul

Tayul Monastery contains a complete Kangyur library and a large mani wheel that contains thousands of prayers. When spun, its blessings are activated and multiplies. According to its lamas, this wheel has been known to spin by itself on certain special occasions.

Kangyur library, and mani wheel known to rotate on its own on auspicious Buddhist days, Tayul Monastery, Lahaul
Kangyur library, and mani wheel known to rotate on its own on auspicious Buddhist days, Tayul Monastery, Lahaul

The British-born Tibetan Buddhist nun Tenzin Palmo was one of the first Westerners to encounter high Tibetan lamas in the early 1960s when she first arrived in India. She lived at Tayul for six years before retreating to a cave above it for twelve years. I read her biography Cave in the Snow like it was a suspense-thriller. I found her story and existential experiences riveting. It was a page-turner. Her retreat was abruptly interrupted by immigration authorities. Thus began her exit from solitary yogic practice to being a teacher in the world, a living example of Western and female accomplishment on the dharma path.

I always think that one beneficial outcome of the Tibet situation post-1959 is the creation of a diaspora which has lead to the spread of Buddhism in the Western world.

I saw Shashur Monastery the same day as Tayul. More to come!

All photos © 2013, Eva Lee.